0 |
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| Calm |
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| Flat. | Calm. Smoke rises vertically. |
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1 |
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| Light air |
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| Ripples without crests. | Wind motion visible in smoke. |
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2 |
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| Light breeze |
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| Small wavelets. Crests of glassy appearance, not breaking | Wind felt on exposed skin. Leaves rustle. |
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3 |
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| Gentle breeze |
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| Large wavelets. Crests begin to break; scattered whitecaps | Leaves and smaller twigs in constant motion. |
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4 |
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| Moderate breeze |
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| Small waves. | Dust and loose paper raised. Small branches begin to move. |
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5 |
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| Fresh breeze |
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| Moderate (1.2 m) longer waves. Some foam and spray. | Branches of a moderate size move. Small trees begin to sway. |
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6 |
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| Strong breeze |
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| Large waves with foam crests and some spray. | Large branches in motion. Whistling heard in overhead wires. Umbrella use becomes difficult. Empty plastic garbage cans tip over. |
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7 |
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| High wind, Moderate Gale, Near Gale |
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| Sea heaps up and foam begins to streak. | Whole trees in motion. Effort needed to walk against the wind. Swaying of skyscrapers may be felt, especially by people on upper floors. |
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8 |
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| Fresh Gale |
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| Moderately high waves with breaking crests forming spindrift. Streaks of foam. | Twigs broken from trees. Cars veer on road. |
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9 |
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| Strong Gale |
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| High waves (6-7 m) with dense foam. Wave crests start to roll over. Considerable spray. | Larger branches break off trees, and some small trees blow over. Construction/temporary signs and barricades blow over. Damage to circus tents and canopies. |
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10 |
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| Whole Gale/Storm |
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| Very high waves. Large patches of foam from wave crests give the sea a white appearance. Considerable tumbling of waves with heavy impact. Large amounts of airborne spray reduce visibility. | Trees are broken off or uprooted, saplings bent and deformed, poorly attached asphalt shingles and shingles in poor condition peel off roofs. |
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11 |
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| Violent storm |
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| Exceptionally high waves. Very large patches of foam, driven before the wind, cover much of the sea surface. Very large amounts of airborne spray severely reduce visibility. | Widespread vegetation damage. More damage to most roofing surfaces, asphalt tiles that have curled up and/or fractured due to age may break away completely. |
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12 |
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| Hurricane-force |
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| Huge waves. Sea is completely white with foam and spray. Air is filled with driving spray, greatly reducing visibility. | Considerable and widespread damage to vegetation, a few windows broken, structural damage to mobile homes and poorly constructed sheds and barns. Debris may be hurled about. |